Taariikh nololeedka • Sare iyo sare

• Talyaaniga bibliography
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Reinhold Messner, Mountaineer iyo qoraa ku dhashay 17 Sebtembar 1944 ee Bressanone, waa wiilka labaad ee sagaal walaalo ah. Ka dib markii uu bartay sahanka oo uu dhiganayay Jaamacadda Padua, wuxuu bilaabay hawlihiisa fuulista isagoo aad u da'yar, isagoo caan ku noqday 1960-meeyadii si isdaba joog ah oo kali ah oo khatar ah. Ugu yaraan soddon sano wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah jilayaasha waaweyn ee buuraha adduunka: 3,500 ee fuulid ee uu sameeyay, qiyaastii 100 waa bilawga ugu horreeya, furitaanka safarro cusub, jiilaal iyo solo (qaar aan weli soo noqnoqon) oo xaddidaya ugu yaraan isticmaalka macmalka ah.

Carruurnimadiisii ​​waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay korarkii ugu horreeyay ee uu sameeyay markii uu shan sano jir ahaa oo uu aabihiis kula jiray "Odle", koox buur ah oo u dhow meeshii uu ku dhashay, Bressanone. Ka dib, waxa uu qaaday taxane taxane ah oo ku yaala Dolomites isaga iyo walaalkiis Guenther. Jacaylka weyn ee uu u qabay buuraha ayaa waxaas oo dhan ka bilaabay, taas oo markii dambe u horseeday in uu "helo" baraf leh darajooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee Mont Blanc, si uu u soo baxo qaaradaha kale, iyo sidoo kale inuu la kulmo kororka 6,000 ee mitir ee sare ee sare. ee Andes. Marka magaciisa uu bilaabo inuu ku dhex wareego dadka gudaha ku jira, halkan wuxuu ku helayaa, isaga iyo walaalkiis Guenther, wicitaankiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay eeku biir safar, kan Nanga Parbat, buur baaxad weyn oo ka dhigi karta xididdada qof kasta gariir. Waxay Messner u tahay tacabirkii ugu horreeyay ee weyn si uu u ogaado 8,000 mitir, joogga sare ee ka dhigi doona inuu caan ka noqdo taariikhda buuralayda. Messner, dhab ahaantii, wuxuu koray qaar ka mid ah darbiyada ugu dheer adduunka, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan afar iyo tobanka ugu sarreeya ee ka sarreeya 8000 mitir ee adduunka.

Bilow aad u yaab badan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, fuulid, kan Nanga Parbat, oo naxdin leh, kaas oo arkay dhimashadii Guenther ee soo laabashada fuulitaanka, iyo goynta naxdinta leh ee suulasha kadib dhaxan daran. Sidaa darteed rabitaanka bixitaanku wuxuu ahaa mid dabiici ah Reinhold, rabitaan ku dhici lahaa qof kasta. Laakiin Messner ma aha "qof" iyo, marka lagu daro jacaylkiisa weyn ee buuraha, hal shay ayaa had iyo jeer ku sifeeyay isaga: rabitaanka weyn iyo go'aaminta maskaxda, sidoo kale wuxuu dhigayaa adeegga dagaallada siyaasadeed ee ay weheliyaan Greens ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta. ee deegaanka (tusaale ahaan, burburkii loo geystay buuraha waaweyn ee Hindiya ayaa si murugo leh caan u ah).

Markaa go'aanka weyn ee xanuunka badan inuu ku sii wato noloshiisa tacaburka. Taasi waa marka uu naftiisa ku tuuro hawsha ugu khatarta badan, fuulitaanka Everest ee qaabka alpine, i.e. iyada oo aan gargaarka oksijiinta. Ka dib, ka dib guushii laxaadka lahayd ee hawshan, wuxuu isku dayay mid kaledhiirranaan badan: fuulitaanka keligiis ee Everest.

Reinhold Messner waxa uu gaadhay natiijooyinkan sidoo kale waxa mahad leh daraasaadka buuralaydii waaweynaa ee hore, halkaas oo madxafkiisa Solda uu ka soo ururiyay walxo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah u sheega noloshooda. Waxa uu aad ugu xidhan yahay xasuustooda iyo waxa ay matalaan in Messner qudhiisu uu qirtay in uu qorsheynayo safarradiisa iyada oo loo marayo daraasadda khibradahooda.

Fursad kale oo aan caadi ahayn oo ka mid ah dabeecaddaani waxay ahayd markii ugu horreysay ee laga gudbo qaaradda Antarctic ee loo maro cirifka Koonfureed (oo ay weheliyaan Arven Fuchs), oo lagu dhammeeyey iyada oo aan matooro ama ey la socon, laakiin kaliya xoog muruq ama dabaysha; si la mid ah, 1993, isaga iyo walaalkiis labaad Hubert, wuxuu ka gudbay Greenland.

Messner waxa kale oo uu ku faanaa aqoonta jidheed ee dhammaystiran ee dhulkiisa, isagoo marar badan ku soo wareegay xudduudaha South Tyrol ee Hans Kammerlander, kaliya maaha inuu fuulo meelaha ugu sarreeya, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu u istaagay inuu la hadlo oo uu kala hadlo beeralayda iyo qof kasta oo uu ku noolaado. meelo aan raaxo lahayn, isku dayaya in ay fahmaan baahidooda.

Shaqsi caalami ah oo caan ah, waxa uu shirar ku qabtay Japan, Maraykanka, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Holland, Argentina iyo Spain; Waxa uu ka shaqeeyay boqolaal dokumentiyaal ah oo uu ku leeyahay daraasiin daabacado ah oo ku jira joornaalada ugu kala duwan (Epoca,Atlas, Jonathan, Stern, Bunte, Geo, National Geographic ...). Abaalmarinnada suugaanta ee uu helay waxaa ka mid ah "ITAS" (1975), "Primi Monti" (1968), "Dav" (1976/1979); tiro badan oo sidoo kale sharaf laga helay Italy, United States, Nepal iyo Pakistan.

Markii uu da'diisu ahayd 60 jir, Messner waxa uu ku guulaystay guul kale isaga oo lug kaga gudbay saxaraha Asian Gobi. Siddeed bilood ayay ku qaadatay in uu gaadho 2000 km, isaga oo keligiis safar ku baxay, waxa uu sitay boorso dhabarka lagu qaato oo miisaankeedu ka badan yahay 40 kg oo kayd biyo ah oo dhan 25 litir.

Waxaa loo doortay inuu madax-banaani ku yeesho liiska Greens-ka Talyaaniga, wuxuu ahaa xubin baarlamaanka Yurub sannadihii 1999 ilaa 2004.

oo la daabacay dhamaadkii Noofambar 2011, kaas oo soo koobaya lixdan sano ee nolosha iyada oo loo marayo sawirada hal-abuurnimadiisa ugu weyn.2021, da'da 76, Reinhold Messnerguursaday markii saddexaad: Val Venosta wuxuu guursaday Diane Schumacher, asal ahaan Luxembourgish, da'diisuna tahay soddon ka yar.

Talyaaniga buug-gacmeedka

BUURAHA KU SOO NOQO GUUURTA GUULEEDKA qaab nololeed ahaan - Fikradaha iyo sawirrada. Sawirada Ernst Pertl. Guriga daabacaadda Athesia, Bolzano.

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Milan Kundera

DARAJADA LIXAAD ee Vittorio Varale, Reinhold Messner, Domenico A. Rudatis. R. M. waa qoraaga cutubka: Gli Sviluppo. Longanesi & amp; C. daabacayaasha, Milano.

MANASLU Taariikhdii socdaalkiiee Himalayas. Daabacaada Görlich SpA, Milan.

DARAJADA 7AAD oo fuulaysa wax aan macquul ahayn. Daabacaada Görlich SpA, Milan.

BUURTUURKA ADVENTURE Khibrad u leh nin buuraley ah oo ku yaala shanta qaaradood. Guriga daabacaadda Athesia, Bolzano.

DOLOMITES. VIE FERRATE 60 wadooyin qalabaysan oo u dhexeeya Kooxda Brenta iyo Sesto Dolomites. Guriga daabacaadda Athesia, Bolzano.

NOLOL DHAGAXA KA DHEXDHEXEEYA DADKA BUURAHA EE CAALAMKA -Intaysan dhiman. Guriga daabacaadda Athesia, Bolzano.

AARENA OF SOLITUDE Dhoofinta shalay maanta berrito. Guriga daabacaadda Athesia, Bolzano.

Laba iyo kow iyo siddeed kun oo laga bilaabo Lhotse ilaa meesha ugu sarreysa ee qarsoon. Ka socota daabacaha Oglio.

DARIYAYADA TAARIIKHDA ADUUNKA - Wadooyinka - Waayo-aragnimada. Guriga daabacaadda Athesia, Bolzano.

ALPS BARIGA: THE VIA FERRATA 100 waddooyin qalabaysan oo ka socda Harada Garda ilaa Ortles, laga bilaabo Bernina ilaa Semmering, oo ay leeyihiin Reinhold Messner iyo Werner Beikircher. Guriga daabacaadda Athesia, Bolzano.

EVEREST. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

NANGA PARBAT Solo. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

XADKA NOLOSHA. Guriga daabacaadda Zanichelli, Bologna.

K2 waxaa qoray Reinhold Messner iyo Alessandro Gogna. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

> Fasalka toddobaad Koritaanka nadiifka ah - fuulid bilaash ah. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

WADADAYDA. Ka socota daabacaha Oglio.

HORIZONS Barafka Laga bilaabo Tibet ilaa Everest. Machadka Juqraafiga DeAugustine, Novara.

DUGSIGA BUURTA. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

3X8000 Sannadkaygii ugu weynaa ee Himalayas. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

Dhammaan Fuulayadeyda Taariikh nololeedka sawirada Dolomites ilaa Himalayas. Guriga daabacaadda Zanichelli, Bologna.

ILAAHAHA TURQUISE Jiirtii Cho Oyu. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

Tartanka U Sareeya. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

Fuulida Xorta ah ee uu qoray Paul PRESS Buug uu uuray oo tafatiray Reinhold Messner. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

DOLOMITES. Xaqiiqda, khuraafaadka iyo xiisaha uu qoray Jul B. Laner, Reinhold Messner iyo Jakob Tappeiner. Tappeiner, Bozen.

KA BADBAADAY 14-kii sideed-kun eeygii. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

ANTARCTICA Jahannamo iyo janno. Garzanti Editore, Milan.

XORRIYADDA IN AAD AADO MEESHA AAN RABTAA NOLOSHAYDA GARAB GELIN. Garzanti Editore, Milan.

BUURAHA UGU QURUXDA BADAN IYO KULULKA UGU CAANSAN. Vallardi Publisher, Lainate.

AAGAAGA KOOFURKA TYROL. Garzanti Editore, Milan.

MONTE ROSA THE WALser MOUNTAIN ee uu qoray Reinhold Messner, Enrico Rizzi iyo Luigi Zanzi. Enrico Monti Foundation, Anzola d'Ossola.

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Ricky Martin

QABKA LOO NOOLAALO ADUNKA. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

13 Muraayadaha naftayda. Garzanti Editore, Milan.

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KA WAYN INTA BADAN KOOXDA Waqooyi Cirifka - Everest - Cirifka Koonfureed. Kuwa waaweyntacaburrada saddexda tiir ee Dhulka. De Agostini Geographic Institute, Novara.

HERMANN BUHL Waxa uu ku yaalaa meesha ugu sareysa iyada oo aan la isku tanaasulin. Waxaa qoray Reinhold Messner iyo Horst Höfler. Vivalda Publishers, Turin.

Ma heli doontid xuduudka nafta oo uu qoray Reinhold Messner oo uu la socdo Michael Albus. Arnoldo Mondadori Publisher, Milan.

YETI HALYAAD IYO RUN. Feltrinelli Traveller, Milan.

ANNAPURNA Konton sano oo sideed kun ah. Vivalda Publishers, Turin.

KEYDIGA ALPS. Bollati Boringhieri, Turin.