Biography • Nolosha masraxa

>Henrik Ibsen waxa uu ku dhashay Skien, Norway, March 20, 1828. Ganacsiga aabbihiis, baayacmushtari, ayaa la kulmay dhaqaale xumo markii Henrik uu ahaa toddoba sano oo keliya: qoyska sidaas darteed wuxuu u guuraa xaafadaha. Ibsen ee da'da yar ee shan iyo toban jir ah ayaa loo diraa Grimstad halkaas oo uu wax ku barto si uu u barto farshaxanka apothecary. Dhibaatooyinkiisa dhaqaale waxay sii xumeeyaan markuu siddeed iyo toban jir ah, uu noqdo aabbe ilmo aan xalaal ahayn; waxa uu gabaad ka dhigtaa daraasadda iyo akhrinta fikirrada kacaanka.

Henrik Ibsen wuxuu markaa bilaabay inuu u qoro masraxa: shaqadiisa ugu horreysa waa "Catilina", oo uu maamulo inuu daabaco isagoo isticmaalaya magaca Brynjolf Bjarme: waa masiibo taariikhi ah oo ay saameysay Schiller iyo ruuxa Yurub Risorgimento. Catilina waxa lagu qaban doonaa Stockholm oo keliya 1881.

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Enzo Bearzot

Sannadkii 1850 Ibsen waxa uu u guuray Cristiania - magaalada maanta ee Oslo - halkaas oo uu ku guulaystay in lagu qabto opera-giisa "The Tumult of the Warrior", qoraal ka kooban hal keli ah. ficil, oo ay saamaysay jawiga waddaniyadda iyo jacaylka. Xidhiidhada uu la leeyahay dunida masraxa ayaa u ogalaatay inuu helo hawlihii masraxa sanadkii 1851, isagoo marka hore ah kaaliyaha masraxa iyo qoraa, ka dibna masraxa masraxa Bergen Theatre. Isagoo daboolaya doorkan, kharashka masraxa wuxuu leeyahay fursad uu ugu safro Yurub isaga oo iska hor imanayaxaqiiqooyinka kale ee bandhiga. Majaajilada "Habeenkii St. John" (1853) iyo riwaayadaha taariikhiga ah "Woman Inger of Østrat" ​​(1855), kaas oo saadaaliyay dhibaatooyinka Ibsen ee haweenka, taariikhda dib u soo celinta muddadan.

1857-dii waxa loo magacaabay agaasimaha Tiyaatarka Qaranka ee Masiixiyadda: waxa uu guursaday Susanna Thoresen, oo ah gabadha uu dhalay qoraaga Anna Magdalene Thoresen. riwaayad "I dagaalyahanada Helgeland" (1857), gabayga riwaayadaha "Terje Vigen" (1862) u dhexeeya taariikhda iyo halyeeyga, satire masraxa "The comedy ee jacaylka" (1862), riwaayadaha taariikhiga ah "The pretenders in carshiga" (1862). 1863).

Laga bilaabo 1863-dii, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay deeq waxbarasho oo uu ka helay dibadda, wuxuu billaabay waqti dheer oo joogitaan ah - kaas oo socday 1864 ilaa 1891 - taasoo keentay inuu u wareego Munich, Dresden iyo Rome. Wax kasta oo ka sarreeya Talyaaniga, Henrik Ibsen waxaa la dhacay fidinta fikradaha Risorgimento iyo halgankii midnimada, taas oo ku kalliftay inuu dhaleeceyn xooggan u jeediyo dadka ay isku dalka yihiin iyo dhexdhexaadnimada Norway. Laga soo bilaabo muddadan waa operas "Brand" (1866, oo ku qoran Rome), "Peer Gynt" (1867, oo ku qoran Ischia), majaajilada quruxda badan ee tiraabta "The Youth League" (1869) iyo riwaayadaha "Cesare iyo Galileo" (1873).

>Kulanka Ibsen uu la yeeshay Georg Brandes, qoraa Danish ah iyo naqdiye suugaaneed, waa mid aad u wanaagsan.muhiim ah: Fikradaha calaamaduhu waxay ku wajahan yihiin suugaanta - iyo sidoo kale masraxa - dib-u-habaynta dareenka bulsheed ee dhabta ah. Isaga qoraagu waa in uu dareemo waajibka bulsho ee ah in uu dhaleeceeyo dhibaatooyinka, isaga oo u gudbinaya dhaleeceyn, isaga oo si dhab ah u qeexaya waqtigiisa.

Ibsen wuxuu ururiyaa oo ka dhigaa fikradahan isaga u gaar ah: laga soo bilaabo 1877 wuxuu dib u habeyn ku sameeyay shuruudaha wax soo saarkiisa masraxa isagoo bilaabaya marxaladda masraxa bulshada, kaas oo uu ku shaqeeyo si uu u daboolo beenta iyo munaafaqnimada, si uu u soo saaro runta iyo xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed. si loo soo saaro nacayb iyo sinnaan la'aanta bulshada iyo dhaqanka - oo sidoo kale loo tixraacayo xaaladda haweenka - iyo in la cambaareeyo mala-awaalka, sharciyada faa'iidada iyo isticmaalka awoodda. Laga soo bilaabo halkan shaqada Ibsen waxay ka dhigaysaa riwaayadaha qoysaska iyo shakhsiyaadka inay si adag uga soo horjeedaan bulshada munaafaqnimada iyo geesinimada leh, iyagoo u imanaya inay si adag u naqdiyaan machadka guurka.

Sidoo kale eeg: Jake La Furia, Biography, taariikhda iyo nolosha

Beddelka weyni wuxuu la yimid "Tiirarka Bulshada" (1877), ka dibna "Ruuxa" (1881) iyo "The Duck Duck" (1884).

Iyada oo leh "Doll's House" (1879) waxay difaacdaa xuquuqda xorriyadda iyo madaxbannaanida haweenka ee doorashooyinka noloshooda, bulshada ay haweeneydu noqon karto oo keliya xaas iyo hooyo, ama jacayl. Riwaayadda Ibsen waxa qaatay dhaqdhaqaaqyada dheddigga sida calankooda, inkasta oo ujeeddada dhaqameedku tahay.Ibsen waxay ahayd in la difaaco xorriyadda shakhsi ahaaneed ee caalamiga ah ee qof kasta, iyada oo aan loo eegin jinsiga. "Doll's House" wuxuu gaadhay guul weyn oo Yurub oo dhan ah: Talyaaniga shirkadda Eleonora Duse waxay u matashay Teatro dei Filodrammaci Milan 1891.

2 Villa Rosmer" (1886), "La donna del mare" (1888) iyo "Edda Gabler" (1890). Shaqooyinka kale ee uu sameeyay Ibsen waa: "Dhisaha Solness" (1894), "Little Eyolf" (1894), "John Gabriel Borkman" (1896), "Markii aan dhimannay soo jeed" (1899).

Henrik Ibsen wuxuu ku dhintay Cristiania (Oslo) May 23, 1906.