Biography • Ballanqaadka nolosha

Giorgio Napolitano waxa uu ku dhashay Naples bishii Juun 29, 1925. Waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay sharciga dhammaadkii 1947 ee Jaamacadda Naples, laga bilaabo 1945-1946 hore ayuu u ahaa. firfircoon ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Golayaasha Ardayda Kulliyadaha iyo ergada Shirweynaha 1aad ee Jaamacadda Qaranka.

Tan iyo 1942, ee Naples, iska diiwaan gelinta Jaamacadda, wuxuu ka mid ahaa koox dhalinyaro ah oo ka soo horjeeda faashiistaha, kuwaas oo, 1945, ku biiray Xisbiga Shuuciga ee Talyaaniga, kaas oo Napolitano uu noqon doono mintid ka dibna hogaamiye. ilaa dastuurka xisbiga dimuqraadiga ee bidixda.

Laga soo bilaabo dayrtii 1946 ilaa gu'gii 1948 Giorgio Napolitano wuxuu ka mid ahaa xoghaynta Xarunta Dhaqaalaha Talyaaniga ee Koonfurta Talyaaniga oo uu guddoomiye u ahaa Senator Paratore. Kadib wuxuu si firfircoon uga qaybqaatay Dhaqdhaqaaqa Dib-u-cusboonaynta Koonfurta tan iyo markii la aasaasay (December 1947) iyo in ka badan toban sano.

Ma laguu doortay markii ugu horreysay 1953-kii oo ma noqon doontaa xubin? marka laga reebo sharci-dejinta IV - ilaa 1996, had iyo jeer dib loo xaqiijiyo degmada Naples.

Dhaqdhaqaaqiisa baarlamaanka wuxuu ka dhacay wajigii hore ee guddiga Miisaaniyadda iyo ka qaybgalka dowlad goboleedyada, isagoo diiradda saaray - sidoo kale doodaha golaha - dhibaatooyinka horumarinta Koonfur iyo mowduucyada siyaasadda dhaqaalaha qaranka. .

In VIII (ilaa 1981) iyo IXSharci-dejinta (ilaa 1986) waa Madaxweynaha Kooxda Ku-xigeennada Shuuciga.

1980-aadkii waxa uu ku lug lahaa mashaakilaadka siyaasadda caalamiga ah iyo kuwa Yurub, haddii ay ahaan lahayd guddigii arrimaha dibadda ee golaha wakiillada, iyo isaga oo xubin (1984-1992 iyo 1994-1996) ka mid ahaa wafdigii Talyaaniga. Golaha Waqooyiga Atlanta, iyo iyada oo loo marayo hindiseyaal badan oo dabeecad siyaasadeed iyo dhaqameed ah.

Horaantii 1970-meeyadii waxa uu hawlo shirar oo ballaadhan ka fuliyey dibadda: machadyada siyaasadda caalamiga ah ee Great Britain iyo Germany, jaamacado badan oo ku yaalla Maraykanka (Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Chicago, Berkeley, SAIS). iyo CSIS ee Washington).

1989 ilaa 1992 waxa uu ahaa xubin baarlamaanka Yurub.

Golaha sharci-dejinta ee 11-aad, 3dii Juun 1992, Giorgio Napolitano ayaa loo doortay Guddoomiyaha Rugta Ku-xigeennada, isagoo xilka sii haynaya illaa dhammaadka sharci-dejinta Abriil 1994.

2>Golaha sharci dejinta ee XII-da waxa uu ka mid ahaa guddida arrimaha dibadda iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga gaarka ah ee dib u habeynta idaacadaha iyo telefishanka.

Xiligi XIII ee sharci dejinta waxa uu ahaa wasiirka arrimaha gudaha iyo isku xidhka ilaalinta madaniga ah ee dawladdii Prodi, laga bilaabo May 1996 ilaa Oktoobar 1998.

ilaa 1995 waxa uu ahaa Madaxweynaha Talyaaniga Golaha Dhaqdhaqaaqa Yurub.

June 1999 ilaa June 2004 waxa uu ahaa madaxwaynaha komishankaArrimaha dastuurka ee baarlamaanka Yurub.

Xilligii XIV-da ee sharci-dejinta, waxa loo magacaabay Madaxweynaha Aasaaska Rugta Ku-xigeennada Madaxweynaha Rugta Pier Ferdinando Casini, isaga oo xilka sii haynaya illaa dhammaadka sharci-dejinta.

Sidoo kale eeg: Amaurys Pérez, Biographymagacaabay 23-kii Sebtember 2005-tii, waxaana xilkaasqabtay Madaxweynihii Jamhuuriyadda Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, waxaana xilkaas kala wareegay Napolitano 10-kii Maajo 2006-dii markaas oo loodoortay Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga 543-cod. Waxa la dhaariyey May 15, 2006.

Ma u heellan yahay dedaalka uu u galay dimuqraadiyadda baarlamaanka iyo ka qayb qaadashada isu soo dhawayntii talyaaniga ee bidix iyo hantiwadaagga Yurub? 1997kii ee Hanover? Abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee Leibniz-Ring ee " ballanta nolosha ".

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Eli Wallach

Sannadki 2004, Jaamacadda Bari ayaa shahaado sharaf ku guddoonsiisay cilmiga siyaasadda.

siyaasadaha dib u habaynta beeralayda iyo mawduucyada Manlio Rossi-Doria, ee ku saabsan warshadaynta koonfurta.

Sannadkii 1962-dii waxa uu daabacay buugiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee "Dhaqdhaqaaqa Shaqaalaha iyo Warshadaha Gobolka", isaga oo si gaar ah u tixraacaya faahfaahinta Pasquale.Saracen.

Sannadkii 1975-kii waxa uu daabacay buugga “Waraysi ku saabsan PCI-ga” oo uu la yeeshay Eric Hobsbawm, kaas oo loo turjumay in ka badan toban waddan.

Buugga "In mezzo al guado" wuxuu dib u soo laabanayaa 1979 wuxuuna tilmaamayaa xilliga midnimada dimoqraadiga ah (1976-79), xilligaas oo uu ahaa afhayeenka PCI oo uu sii waday xiriirka dawladda Andreotti ee arrimaha dhaqaalaha iyo midawga.

Buugga "Beyond the old borders" ee 1988 wuxuu ka hadlay dhibaatooyinka soo ifbaxay sannadihii dhalaalay ee u dhexeeya Bariga iyo Galbeedka, iyada oo madaxwaynihii Reagan ee USA iyo hoggaanka Gorbachev ee USSR.

Buugga "Beyond the ford: the reformist choice" waxaa la soo ururiyay waxqabadyadii 1986 ilaa 1990. muxaadarooyinka laga jeediyay dalka Mareykanka kadib burburkii darbigii Berlin iyo maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee ka jiray bartamaha iyo bariga Yurub.

1994-tii waxa uu soo saaray buugga, qayb ahaan qaab xusuus-qor ah, "Her the Republic goes - An unremished transition" oo loo qoondeeyay sannadihii golihii 11-aad ee sharci-dejinta, waxa uu soo noqday Guddoomiyaha Golaha Wakiilada.

Sannadkii 2002-dii, waxa uu daabacay buuga “Yurub siyaasadeed”, xilli uu ugu sarreeyay ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu yahay Guddoomiyaha Guddiga Arrimaha Dastuurka ee Baarlamaanka Yurub.

Buuggiisii ​​ugu dambeeyay "From PCI to European socialism: a political autobiography" waxa la daabacay 2005.

Dhammaadka xilkiisa madaxweynenimoee Jamhuuriyaddu waxay ku beegan tahay muddada ka dambaysa doorashooyinka siyaasadeed ee 2013; Natiijooyinka doorashooyinkaas waxay u arkeen in Pd uu yahay kan guuleysta laakiin cabbir yar marka loo eego xisbiyada ka soo horjeeda Pdl iyo MoVimento 5 Stelle - iyo Napolitano; Isku daygii foosha xumaa ee ay xisbiyadu ku doonayeen in ay ku helaan oo ay doortaan Madaxweyne cusub ayaa Napolitano u horseeday in uu mar labaad isu soo taago xilka madaxtinimada. Markii ugu horreysay taariikhda Jamhuuriyadda, isla madaxweynaha ayaa xilka sii haya laba jeer oo isku xigta: 20kii Abriil 2013, Giorgio Napolitano ayaa dib loo doortay. Waxa uu xilka iska casilay 14.01.2015.