Biography • Xaqiijinta sharafta

Ingrid Bergman waxa ay ku dhalatay Stockholm (Sweden) 29 Agoosto 1915, gabadha kaliya ee uu dhalay sawir-qaade Iswidhish ah iyo sawir qaade Justus Samuel Bergman iyo Jarmal Friedel Adler. Markii Ingris ay ahayd saddex sano oo keliya, waxay wayday hooyadeed, taas oo ka dhigtay inay carruurnimo kelinimo ah keligeed la qaadato aabbaheed.

Saddex iyo toban Ingrid waxay isu aragtay inay agoon ka tahay labada waalid oo ay korsadeen qaraabadooda, kuwaas oo noqday mas'uuliyiinteeda.

Waxa uu wax ku bartay dugsiga masraxa Royal Dramatic Theatre ee magaalada Stockholm, ka dib isaga oo 20 jir ah waxa uu la kulmay Peter Lindstrom, oo ah dhakhtar dhinaca ilkaha ah, oo ay ka dhalatay sheeko jacayl. Butros waxa uu la socodsiiyay madaxa fulinta ee warshadaha filimada Iswiidhishka (Svenskfilmindustri). Ingrid sidaas darteed waxay helaysaa qayb yar "Tirinta magaalada hore" (Munkbrogreven, 1935). Filimkeedii ugu horreeyay - ee aan laga sii dayn Talyaaniga - Ingrid Bergman ayaa ku jileysa doorka adeege ee huteel suubban oo ku yaal magaalada hore ee Stockholm.

Waad ku mahadsan tahay qaybtan yar waxa daaha ka qaaday agaasime Gustaf Molander, oo isku dayay in uu Sweden ku soo bandhigo balan-qaad weyn: dhawr sano gudahood, 1935 ilaa 1938, waxa ay jishay in ka badan toban filim. , oo ay ku jiraan "Weji la'aan" (En Kvinnas Ansikte) - kaas oo dib-u-samaynta lagu toogtay Joan Crawford oo ka mid ah jilayaasha - iyo caanka "Intermezzo", filimka uu noqon doonobaasaboorka Hollywood.

1937 waxay guursatay Peter Lindstrom: sanadka soo socda waxay dhashay gabadheeda Pia Friedal.

Dhanka kale, soo saaraha David O. Selznick wuxuu damacsan yahay inuu toogto nooca Mareykanka ee "Intermezzo". Ingrid Bergman waxaa loogu yeeraa gudaha Mareykanka waxaana la siiyaa qandaraas riyo ah: todobada sano ee soo socota atariishada Iswidishka ayaa shaqsi ahaan dooran doonta qoraalada ay ku ciyaari doonto, agaasimayaasha iyo sidoo kale la-hawlgalayaasha. Kuwani waxay ahaayeen tanaasulaadyo aan caadi ahayn iyo mudnaanta waqtigaas, laakiin taas oo siinaya fikrad sax ah sharafta ay fasalka Ingrid Bergman ku gaadheen Ameerika, xitaa ka hor intaanay cagaha dhigin.

Selznick waxaa laga yaabaa inuu u maleeyay Ingrid Bergman inuu yahay dhaxalka suurtagalka ah ee Greta Garbo, oo kaliya toban sano ka weyn iyada, Diva kale oo Iswidhish ah (oo ah muwaadin reer Bergman ah) kaasoo, ka dib markii ay ka gudubtay aamusnaanta una gudubtay shineemo, nafteeda ayay heshay. faraceeda shaqadeeda, si ay dhowr sano gudahood uga fariisan lahayd weligood goobta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ingrid ayaa diiday soo jeedinta iyada oo doonaysa in ay dhinac ka taageerto xirfadda ninkeeda, kaas oo dhammeynaya waxbarashadiisa cusub si uu u noqdo dhakhtarka neerfaha, iyo dhinaca kale inuu naftiisa u huro ilmaha hal sano jir ah. Ingrid ayaa qandaraaska saxiixday hal sano oo kaliya, iyadoo la sheegay inay awood u leedahay inay dalkeeda ku laabato haddii filimkan uu guuleysan waayo.

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Lorenzo the Magnificent

Markaa waxay dhacdaa in dib-u-samaynta"Intermezzo" waxay ururisaa heshiis weyn. Bergman waxay ku soo noqotay Iswiidhan si ay u dhamaystirto dhawr filim oo kale, ka dib 1940 waxay u duushay Maraykanka iyada iyo qoyska oo dhan: muddada soo socota waxay ka soo muuqatay saddex filim oo guuleystay.

Sannadkii 1942-kii Selznick ayaa atariishada amaahiyay Warner si ay u sameyso filim miisaaniyad hoose leh oo ay weheliso Humphrey Bogart: cinwaankiisu waa “Casablanca”, filim loogu tala galay in uu galo taariikhda shineemo, isagoo noqday mid taariikhi ah.

1943-kii ayaa timid markii ugu horeysay ee Oscar loo magacaabo atariishada ugu wanaagsan filimka "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1943).

Sannadkii xigay wuxuu ku guuleystay taallo loogu talagalay thriller "Angoscia" (Gaslight, 1944). Magacaabisteeda seddexaad ee Oscar ee isku xigta ee atariishada ugu fiicna waxay u timid waxqabadkeeda "The Bells of St. Mary's" (The Bells of St. Mary's, 1945). 1946-kii "Notorious" (Alfred Hitchcock, oo leh Cary Grant) ayaa la sii daayay: waxay ahayd filimkii ugu dambeeyay ee Bergman uu ku toogtay qandaraaska Selznick. Ninkeeda Lindstrom ayaa ku qanciyay xaaskiisa in Selznick uu si weyn uga faa'iidaystay, isagoo helay malaayiin doolar oo lagu beddelayo khidmad dhan $ 80,000 sannadkii: Ingrid sidaas darteed waxay la saxiixatay shirkad cusub oo wax soo saar ah si ay xiddig uga dhigto Arc de Triomphe, oo uu ku jilayo Charles Boyer , oo ka soo jeeda novel isla magaca Remarque. Filimka, oo aan macquul ahayn oo jahawareersan, ma heli doono guusha la filayo iyo atariishada, kuwaas oo sanado badanwuxuu si aan micne lahayn u waydiistay Selznick si uu u awoodo inuu ka ciyaaro doorka Joan of Arc ee shaashadda, wuxuu go'aansaday in la gaadhay waqtigii la qaadi lahaa khatarta. Waxa uu aasaasay shirkad madax-bannaan oo wax-soo-saar ah, oo leh kharash aan ka yarayn 5 milyan oo doollar (qofka astronomical wakhtigaas), wuxuu ogaaday "Joan of Arc" (Joan of Arc, 1948), wax soo saar ay ka buuxaan dhar aad u fiican. , jilayaal cajiib ah iyo muuqaal.

Filimku waxa uu ku guulaystay abaal marinta Oscar-ka afraad, si kastaba ha ahaatee waxa uu noqon doonaa mid guuldarraystay. Xiisadda guurka ee Lindstrom, oo aan in muddo ah ka hadalnay, waxay noqotaa mid aad u daran iyo niyad-jabka guul-darradu waxay sii kordhinaysaa xukunka Bergman ee muhiimadda xad-dhaafka ah ee Hollywood-ku u leeyahay dhinaca ganacsiga ee shineemo, si ay u dhaawacdo dhinaca farshaxanka.

Ingrid waxa ku dhiiri galiyay saaxiibkeed Robert Capa, oo ah sawir qaade caan ah oo ay xidhiidh kooban la lahayd, Ingrid waxa ay xiisaynaysay mowjadda cusub ee shaleemada ee ka imanaysa Yurub, gaar ahaan talyaaniga neorealism. Ka dib markii ay aragtay "Roma, magaalada furan" iyo "Paisã", waxay warqad u qortay agaasimaha Talyaaniga Roberto Rossellini - oo caan ku ahaa - taas oo ay ku caddeysay inay diyaar u tahay inay u shaqeyso isaga. Warqadda waxaan dib u xusuusaneynaa tuduca " Haddii aad u baahan tahay aktarad Iswidhish ah oo si fiican ugu hadasha Ingiriisiga, oo aan iloobin Jarmalkeeda, way adag tahay in lagu fahmo Faransiiska, iyo Talyaaniga waxay ku odhan kartaa oo keliya "Waan ku jeclahay ", waan ahaydiyaar u ah inuu yimaado Italy si uu ula shaqeeyo iyada"

Rossellini ma lumin fursadda: wuxuu ku haystaa qoraal khaanadkiisa asal ahaan loogu talagalay jilaaga Talyaaniga Anna Magnani, waqtigaas lammaanihiisa nolosha. Bergman wuxuu ku sugan yahay Yurub, wuxuuna ku mashquulsan yahay duubista filimka "The Sin of Lady Considine" agaasimuhu wuxuu u cararay Paris, halkaas oo uu ku guuleystay inuu la kulmo oo uu u soo jeediyo mashruuca filimka.

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Stan Laurelmaalgelin ka timid Howard Hughes, mahadnaqa caanka ah ee Bergman, Roberto Rossellini wuxuu helay jawaab celin wanaagsan oo telegram ah oo ka timid jilaa: wax soo saarka "Stromboli Land of God" wuxuu bilaabmay March 1949. Goobta waxaa hareereeyey sawir qaadayaasha iyo saxafiyiinta; waxay bilaabeen si ay u faafiyaan wararka xanta ah ee ku saabsan xiriirka dareenka ah ee ka dhexeeya agaasimaha iyo turjumaankiisa, dhammaadka sanadka, saxafiyiinta ayaa daabacaadda warka uurka Bergman. Ilaa wakhtigaas loo tixgeliyey inay tahay Awliyad, waxay si lama filaan ah u noqotay dhillo la dhagax-dhigayo, saxaafadduna waxay ugu yeertaa Rasuul-hoosaadka Hollywood-ka, iyadoo kor u qaadday olole sumcad-xumo ah oo aan hore loo arag. Dr. Lindstrom waxa uu gudbiyay furriin waxana uu gacanta ku hayaa inantiisa Pia, oo iyaduna cadaysay in aanay waligeed jeclayn hooyadeed.

Sannadkii 1950-kii Rossellini iyo Ingrid Bergman ayaa is guursaday, Roberto Rossellini Jr, oo loo yaqaanay Robertino, ayaa dhashay: ciidamada booliiska waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay soo farageliyaan rugta caafimaadka Roomaanka si ay u dejiyaan dadkii badnaa ee paparazzi iyo daawadayaasha. Dhanka kale, filimka "Stromboli, dhulkii Ilaah" ayaa lagu sii daayay tiyaatarada: gudaha Talyaaniga waxay ku guuleysataa guulo wanaagsan, oo ay soo saartay inta badan xiisaha, halka Mareykanka filimku uu diiwaangeliyo fiasco dareen leh, sababtoo ah labadaba dabeecadda aan fiicnayn ee warbaahinta iyo culayska kaga imanaya maalgeliyayaashii filimka, kuwaas oo dalbaday in la tafatiro oo aan ka turjumayn ujeeddada qoraaga sinaba.

Ingrid Bergman bishii Juun 1952 waxay dhashay mataanaha Isotta Ingrid iyo Isabella. Atariishada ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u soo ceshatay dareenka dadweynaha: saxafiyiintu waxay ku soo bandhigeen muuqaalo sida naag guri iyo hooyo faraxsan waxayna sheegtay in ay ugu dambeyntii ka heshay xasilloonida Rome, xitaa haddii filimada ay sii waday in ay toogto hogaaminta Roberto Rossellini ( kuwaas oo aan ka mid nahay. Xusuusnow: "Europe '51" iyo "Viaggio in Italy") dadweynuhu way iska indhatireen.

Sannadkii 1956-dii, waxa ay Maraykanka ka heshay dalab aad u wanaagsan oo ka yimid Fox, kaas oo u soo bandhigay in ay door hoggaamineed ka qaadato filim miisaaniyadeedkiisu sarreeyo oo ku saabsan dadkii ka badbaaday xasuuqii loo geystay qoyska Tsar ee Ruushka. Iyada oo doorkan ku jirta filimka cinwaankiisu yahay "Anastasia" (1956, oo leh Yul Brynner), Bergman waxay ku soo laabatay guusha Hollywood ka dibfadeexad sannadihii hore, xitaa ku guuleysiga Oscar ee "Aktarada ugu fiican" mar labaad.

Dhanka kale, midowga uu la leeyahay agaasimaha Roberto Rossellini ayaa ku jira xiisad: Talyaanigu wuxuu u dhoofay Hindiya si uu u sameeyo dukumeenti wuxuuna soo laabtay muddo ka dib lammaane cusub, Sonali das Gupta. Dhanka kale, Ingrid waxay dib u bilawday ciyaarista filimada guusha leh - labada cinwaan ee ugu horreeya waa "Indiscreet" iyo "Inn of the Sixth Happiness", labadaba laga bilaabo 1958 - waxayna la kulantay maamulaha tiyaatarka Iswidishka, Lars Schmidt, oo noqon doona ninkeeda saddexaad (December) 1958)

Sanadaha soo socda, doorarka beddelka ee filimada Ameerika iyo Yurub, laakiin isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu naftiisa u huray masraxa iyo telefishanka. Abaalmarinteedii saddexaad ee Akadeemiyada - tii ugu horreysay ee Jilaa Taageerada ugu Fiican - waxay u timid doorkeeda filimka "Murder on the Orient Express", 1975, ee Sidney Lumet, oo ay la socoto Albert Finney iyo Lauren Bacall), oo ku saleysan sheekada gaaban ee Agatha Christie. Ururinta sawirka saddexaad, Ingrid waxay si cad u sheegtay in, ra'yigeeda, Oscar waa inay u tagto saaxiibkeed Valentina Cortese, oo loo magacaabay "Saamaynta Habeenka" ee François Truffaut.

Sannadkii 1978 ayaa soo jeedintu ka timid Iswiidhan si ay ula shaqeyso agaasimeyaasheeda ugu sharafta badan, Ingmar Bergman. Ingrid wuxuu si geesinimo leh u aqbalaa loolan laba jibaaran: ka soo laabashada qaliinkaQaliin iyo daawayn culus oo kiimiko ah oo loogu talagalay kansarka naasaha, waxay go'aansatey in ay nafteeda geliso doorka adag ee hooyo faqiir ah oo danayste ah oo shaqadeeda ka hor marisay kalgacalka carruurteeda. "Sinfonia d'Autumn" (Autumn Sonata) waa tarjumaaddiisii ​​ugu dambeysay ee shaleemada. Waxaa lagu tixgaliyay inuu yahay imtixaan jilitaan oo ka mid ah kuwa ugu wanaagsan, tan darteed wuxuu heli doonaa magacaabistiisii ​​toddobaad ee Oscar.

1980-kii, iyadoo cudurku muujiyay calaamadaha soo kabashada, wuxuu daabacay xusuus-qor uu la socdo Alan Burgess: "Ingrid Bergman - Sheekadayda". Sannadkii 1981-kii ayay xiddig ka gashay telefishanka shaqadeedii ugu dambaysay, taariikh nololeedkii Raiisel wasaaraha Israa’iil Golda Meir, taas oo ay ku heshay abaalmarinta Emmy award (1982) oo ah “jilaagii ugu fiicnaa”.

Ogosto 29, 1982 magaalada London, markay 67 jirsatay, Ingrid Bergman way dhimatay. Meydka ayaa lagu gubay dalka Iswiidhan, waxaana dambasku ku daadsan yahay ubaxyo dul saaran biyaha qaranka; Xabaalaha woqooyiga ee Norra Begravningsplatsen, oo hadda madhan, oo ay ku jiraan, ayaa ku yaal magaalada Stockholm.

Xishoodkeeda, Indro Montanelli waxay awooday inay tiraahdo: " Ingrid Bergman waa laga yaabaa inuu yahay qofka kaliya ee adduunka ku nool ee aan u tixgelin Ingrid Bergman inuu yahay jilaa si buuxda u guulaysta oo si hufan u guulaystay ".