Biography • Socodka qulqulka

George Westinghouse, Jr., hal-abuure Mareykan ah iyo injineer, oo caan ku ah astaanta qalabka guriga ee magaciisa sita, wuxuu ku dhashay Central Bridge New York Oktoobar 6, 1846. Saaxiibka Nikola Tesla iyo mid ka mid ah xafiiltanka ugu weyn ee Thomas Alva Edison ee abuuritaanka waqtiga ee nidaamka korontada Maraykanka, ayaa sidoo kale ka firfircoonaa warshadaha iyo telefoonka. Sannadkii 1911kii waxa la siiyay Billad Congress-ka " Gargaarka Sharafta leh ee Horumarinta Nidaamka beddelka ah ee hadda jira ee iftiinka iyo awoodda ".

Sannadkii 1875, Thomas Edison waa awood aan la garanayn. Waxa uu xoogaa guul ah ka gaadhay "telegraph multiplex", nidaamka u oggolaanaya in calaamadaha telegraph ee badan lagu gudbiyo hal fiilo, laakiin weli ma aysan gaarin aqoonsigii la rabay. Waxa uu ka shaqaynayay khadka taleefoonka balse waxaa ka dul maray Bell. Edison waxa uu si degdeg ah uga soo kabanayaa dib u dhacaas isaga oo ikhtiraacay phonograph-ka, daahfur cusub oo dareen leh oo aan cidina rumaysan in ay suurtogal tahay, kaas oo ka dhigi doona caan.

Tallaabada xigta ee Edison, 1878, waxay noqonaysaa inuu hindiso nalka iftiinka oo la hagaajiyay iyo sidoo kale inuu barto habka qaybinta korantada si uu u bixiyo tamarta nalalka iftiinka. Sebtembar 4, 1882, Edison wuxuu daaray nidaamkii ugu horreeyayShirkadda qaybinta korantada, siinaya 110 volts toos ah (DC) macaamiisha 59 ee Lower Manhattan, agagaarka shaybaarkiisa Pearl Street.

Louis Latimer waxa uu helay patentka habsocod la wanaajiyey oo lagu soo saarayo fiilooyinka kaarboonka ee nalalka iftiinka. Hagaajintan ayaa ogolaatay in la dhimo wakhtiga wax soo saarka iyo korodhka tayada. Intii uu noolaa wuxuu la soo shaqeeyay Alexander Bell, ka dib Hiram iyo Thomas Edison. Latimer wuxuu ahaa xubinta kaliya ee madow ee koox bulsheed gaar ah, hormoodka Edison.

Danta Westinghouse ee qaybinta gaaska iyo beddelka taleefanka si macquul ah ayaa u horseedaya xiisaha qaybinta tamarta korontada.

Westhouse waxa uu daraaseeyaa nidaamka Edison, laakiin waxa uu go'aamiyaa in ay aad u liidato in lagu dabaqo cabbir ballaadhan. Korontada Edison waxay ku salaysan tahay korantada yar ee DC, taas oo ku lug leh qulqulo waaweyn iyo khasaare koronto oo waaweyn. Dhanka kale, dhowr qof oo reer Yurub ah oo wax hindisay ayaa ka shaqaynaya "alternating current" (AC) iyo qaybinta tamarta. Nidaamka AC wuxuu u oggolaanayaa korontadu inay noqdaan "kor u kaca" beddelka qaybinta, yaraynta khasaaraha korontada, ka dibna "hoos u-socota" beddelka guriga.

Transformer-kaKorontada oo uu sameeyay Lucien Gaulard, Faransiis, iyo John Dixon Gibbs, Ingiriisi, ayaa lagu muujiyay hawlgal ka socda London 1881 waxayna soo jiidatay xiisaha Westinghouse. Transformers ma aha wax cusub, laakiin naqshada Gaulard-Gibbs waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya ee xamili kara xaddi badan oo hadda soo socda oo ballanqaadaya inay sahlan tahay in la soo saaro. Sannadkii 1885-kii, Westinghouse waxay soo dejisay tiro ka mid ah beddelaadaha Gaulard-Gibbs iyo koronto-dhaliyeyaasha AC Siemens si ay u bilaabaan tijaabinta xadhkaha AC ee Pittsburgh.

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Gary Cooper

Waxaa caawiyay William Stanley iyo Franklin Leonard Pope, Westinghouse waxay ka shaqeysay sidii ay u nadiifin lahayd nakhshad taransfoorayaasha oo ay u horumariso shabakad beddesha oo wax ku ool ah. Sanadkii 1886, Westinghouse iyo Stanley waxay ku rakibeen nidaamka korantada AC ee ugu horreeya ee Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Shabakadda waxaa wada koronto dhaliye soo saara 500 volts oo AC ah. Korontada waxaa kor loogu qaadayaa 3,000 volts gudbinta ka dib waxaa hoos loo dhigayaa 100 volts si loo xoojiyo nalalka korontada. Dhibaatooyinka ka jira nidaamka cusub ee AC ayaa la muujiyey markii Mr. Pope waxaa koronto ku qabtay badelaha AC oo ciladeysan oo ku dhex jiray qeybta hoose ee gurigiisa. Isla sanadkaas, Westinghouse waxay sameysaa "Shirkadda Wax-soo-saarka ee Westinghouse Electric", oo markaas magaceeda u beddesha "Westinghouse".Shirkadda Korontada, sannadkii 1889-kii.

Soddon ka mid ah nidaamyada nalalka AC ayaa la rakibay hal sano gudaheed, laakiin nidaamka ayaa xaddidaya la'aanta nidaamka mitirka ee waxtarka leh iyo AC matoorada korontada. Sannadkii 1888, Westinghouse iyo kaaliyihiisii ​​injineer Oliver Shallenger waxa uu soo saaray tijaabiye awoodeed, kaas oo ay u qaabeeyeen si uu u ilaaliyo dabeecadaha sidii ay horeba ugu sameeyeen tijaabiyeyaasha gaaska, isla tignoolajiyada tijaabada aasaasiga ah ayaa ilaa maanta la isticmaalaa

Hal-abuuraha quruxda badan ee Serbian-Maraykanka Nikola Tesla ayaa qeexaya mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee mishiinka korantada ee polyphase wakhtiganWestinghouse waxa ay iskaashi la samaysaa Tesla oo ay hesho rukhsadda matoorka AC. Mabda'a magnetic field rotating ee 1882 wuxuuna u adeegsadaa in uu ikhtiraaco motoorkii ugu horreeyay ee aan burushka lahayn AC ama induction motor 1883.Westinghouse waxa uu u shaqaaleysiiyay lataliye ahaan muddo sannad ah iyo wixii ka dambeeyay 1888kii waxa uu soo bandhigay polyphase beddelka matoorka hadda jira. baaxad weyn. Shaqadu waxay horseedaysaa nidaamka casriga ah ee awood qaybinta US: saddex-waji AC oo ah 60 hertz, oo lagu doortay qiime sare oo ku filan si loo yareeyo buuqa, laakiin hooseeyo si loo yareeyo khasaaraha falcelinta,habayn ay uuraysatay Tesla.

Dhiirrigelinta Galbeedka ee qaybinta AC waxay u horseedaa iska hor imaad qadhaadh oo lala yeesho Edison iyo nidaamkeeda DC. Iska horimaadka ayaa loo yaqaan "Dagaalkii Hadda". Edison wuxuu ku dooday in nidaamyada tamarta sare ay aad khatar u yihiin; Westinghouse waxay ka jawaabtay in khataraha la xakameyn karo iyo in faa'iidooyinka ay ka miisaan badan yihiin khatarta.

Bishii Agoosto 1890-kii, danbiile lagu magacaabo William Kemmler waa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee lagu dilo koronto. Westinghouse waxay shaqaaleysiisaa qareenka ugu fiican ee la heli karo si uu u difaaco Kemmler wuxuuna dhaleeceeyaa koronto-siinta qaab ah " ciqaab aan caadi ahayn oo aan caadi ahayn ". Dilku waa rabshado iyo daba dheeraaday iyo Westinghouse ayaa si adag u mudaaharaaday, isaga oo gabi ahaanba iska fogeeyay adeegsiga aaladaha wax-soo-saarkii uu sameeyay.

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Mario Castelnuovo

Sannadkii 1893-kii, shirkadda Westinghouse waxay heshay qandaraaska si ay u siiso grid AC si ay u kororto Bandhigga Columbian Adduunka ee Chicago, taasoo siisay shirkadda iyo tignoolajiyada sumcad ballaaran oo togan. Westinghouse waxa kale oo ay heshaa qandaraas lagu rakibayo korantada ugu horeysa ee dheereeya, iyada oo koronto-dhaliyeyaasha AC ee Niagara Falls ay soo saarayaan koronto si loogu qaybiyo Buffalo, New York, oo 25 mayl u jirta.

Sida shabakadaha CA ay u fidayaan, Westinghouse waxay leedahay fikradeedau fiirsashada wax soo saarka korontada. Markii hore ilaha jiilka la heli karo waa marawaxadaha biyaha ee biyaha dhacaya, iyo matoorada uumiga oo aan lahayn. Westinghouse waxa ay aaminsantahay in matoorada uumiga ee jira ay yihiin kuwo aan tayo lahayn oo bilaabay in ay horumariyaan qayb ka mid ah mishiinka "spin" kaas oo ka sii "qurux badan" oo ka hufan.

Runtii, mid ka mid ah hal-abuurnimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay waxay ahayd mishiinka uumiga rotary, laakiin waxay noqotay mid aan hirgalayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee injineer Irish ah oo lagu magacaabo Charles Algernon Parsons ayaa bilaabay tijaabinta marawaxadaha uumiga 1884-kii, isaga oo ka bilaabay 10 hooras. Westinghouse waxa ay iibsatay xuquuqaha marawaxadaha Parsons 1885kii waxa uuna bilaabay shaqada si uu u horumariyo tignoolajiyada Parsons oo uu ula qabsado bartilmaameed sare.

Shakiyeeyayaashu waxay yiraahdeen marawaxadaha uumiga waligiis ma noqon doono ilo tamar oo baaxad weyn, laakiin 1898 Westinghouse waxay soo bandhigtay unug 300-kilowatt ah, sidaas darteed waxay beddeshay dhammaan mishiinnada shirkadeeda bareegga haydarooliga. Sannadkii xigay, wuxuu rakibay 1.5 megawatt, unug 1,200 rpm ah. Shirkadda Hartford Electric Light Company.

Westinghouse ka dib waxay dareenkeeda u jeedisay soo saarista marawaxadaha uumiga waaweyn si ay u kaxeeyaan maraakiibta waaweyn. Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in marawaxadaha waaweyni ay ahaayeen kuwa ugu waxtarka badan qiyaastii 3,000 rpm, halkaqalab wax ku ool ah ayaa ku shaqeeya qiyaastii 100 rpm; tani waxay ka dhigan tahay abuurista nidaamka dhimista; Laakin horumarinta nidaamka dhimista qalabka sida in uu ku shaqayn karo RPM sare iyo shidaalka sare hubaal maaha dadaal aan khatar lahayn, xitaa wax yar oo khalad ah ayaa u rujin doonta tareenka korontada qaybo.

Westinghouse iyo kaaliyayaashiisa farsamada ayaa markaa hindisay nidaam toos ah oo toos ah kaas oo ka dhigaya mid wax ku ool ah in lagu quudiyo marawaxadaha xataa maraakiibta waaweyn.

> Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu bilaabay shaqada bambooyin kulaylka si uu u bixiyo kuleyliyaha iyo qaboojinta isagoo aaminsan inay suurtogal tahay in la soo saaro awood ku filan habka nidaamka si uu u noqdo mashiinka joogtada ah; Sidaa darteed naqdintii furan ee Lord Kelvin, naqshadeeyaha - oo ka mid ah hawlihiisa kale - sharciga labaad ee Thermodynamics.

Westinghouse waxa uu sii ahaa taliyaha qaybta korantada ee warshadaha Maraykanka ilaa 1907, markii shil maaliyadeed uu horseeday inuu iska casilo gacan ku haynta shirkadda Westinghouse. Sannadkii 1911 kii wax dhaqdhaqaaq ah kuma samayn ganacsiga, caafimaadkiisuna waxa uu ahaa mid ka sii daran oo ka sii daran.

George Westinghouse waxa uu dhintay March 12, 1914, magaalada New York, isaga oo 67 jir ah. Halyeyga Dagaalka Sokeeye, waxa lagu aasay qabuuraha Magaalada Arlington, isaga iyo xaaskiisa Marguerite.

Inkasta oo uu ahaa ganacsade caqli badan oo go'aan qaadasho leh, Westinghouse waxa ay u gashay taariikhda sidii shaqo-bixiye damiir leh oo u heellan in uu wax walba la wadaago saaxiibadiisa ganacsiga. Sannadkii 1930-kii xusuus Westinghouse, oo ay maalgaliyeen shaqaalaheedu, ayaa la dhigay Schenley Park ee Pittsburgh.