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Qasnadda Dhaxalka ah: Sahaminta Nolosha Astaamaha, Halyeeyada, iyo Sheekooyinka Aan La sheegin

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Taariikh nololeedka Glenn Gould

Glenn Norton
Taariikh nololeedka Glenn Gould
Glenn Norton

Biography • Indhaha maskaxda

Glenn Gould, pianist Canadian ah oo leh shakhsiyad dhinacyo badan leh, turjumaan weyn u ahaa halabuurada Bach gaar ahaan Dabeecad muran badan leh oo u kacday qulqulka khuraafaadka, wuxuu la waayay da'da kontonaad oo keliya 1982, ka dib markii uu ka beddelay habka loo wajaho qalabkiisa.

Laga bilaabo bilawgii, pianist-gan waxa uu ka soo muuqday calaamada cusub ee xagjirka ah, taas oo dad badan ka yaabisay oo kicisay mucaaradad ba’an (sidoo kale waxa sii shiday hufnaantiisa cajiibka ah, gaar ahaan habka qaawan ee uu u ciyaaro), ilaa uu garaadkiisu ahaa. si buuxda looma aqoonsanin, ilaa heer laga gaadho in ay noqoto shay cibaado oo dhab ah iyo tusaalaha nolosha, iyo sidoo kale soo saarida neologisyada sida "Gouldian" ama "Gouldism".

Laga soo bilaabo duubista Gould's waxay soo ifbaxdaa kaliya ma aha fikrad la yaab leh oo cusub oo ku saabsan dabeecadda heerarka dhawaaqa ee qalabka, laakiin sidoo kale kaamilnimada buuxda ee codka, loogu talagalay "ku dayan", iyada oo loo marayo isticmaalka Luciferian ee " staccato", sida caadiga ah ee kiiboodhka harpsichord. Kaamil ah oo maalgeliya dabeecadda qalabka laftiisa, oo loogu talagalay in lagu baaro feeraha fikradda muusikada lafteeda sida raajada.

Marka laga reebo inuu yahay pianist, Glenn Gould wuxuu ahaa sidaas darteed "hab cusub" oo looga fikiro muusikada. Waxa uu yidhi oo ka qoray Bach oof Schoenberg, of Richard Strauss ama of Beethoven, of Mozart ama Boulez, mararka qaarkood waa fiiqan laakiin had iyo jeer waa mid caqli-gal ah in ay ku qasbo mid ka mid ah in ay su'aal geliyaan xukunnada la helay waqti ka waqti.

Wuxuu ku dhashay Toronto Sebtembar 25, 1932 ilaa Russell Herbert iyo Florence Greig, Glenn Herbert Gould wuxuu bartay biyaano hooyadiis ilaa uu toban jirsaday, ka dibna aragti Leo Smith, xubin leh Frederick Silvester ka dibna piano mar kale Alberto Guerrero , macalinka maamulaha Toronto Conservatory (hadda Royal Conservatory of Music), halkaas oo ardayga da'da yar uu ku leeyahay buundooyinka ugu sarreeya ee abid laga gaaro Kanada.

Kadib markii ugu horeysey ee uu soo bandhigey sida organist iyo soloist la orkestra, waxa uu ka jeediyey khudbadiisii ​​ugu horeysay ee piano ee Hoolka "Eaton" ee Toronto Oktoobar 20, 1947, ka dibna wuxuu qabtay riwaayado taxane ah sidoo kale raadiyaha iyo telefishanka (dhacdooyin aad muhiim u ah marka la eego go'aankiisa xiga ee ah inuu ka baxo goobta si uu ula xiriiro aduunka oo kaliya iyada oo loo marayo xardho iyo muuqaal muuqaal ah).

Janaayo 2, 1955 waxa uu kulankiisii ​​ugu horeeyay ka soo muuqday New York oo ku yaala Hoolka Magaalada, maalintii xigtay oo kaliya, waxa uu heshiis gaar ah la saxeexday Columbia Records, kuwaas oo “kormeerayaashoodii” ay ku dhufteen qaab ciyaareedkiisa. Duubitaankiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay ee Bach's "Goldberg Variations" waxay dib ugu noqotaa 1956, dhibco weyn oo ka kooban hal aria iyo laba iyo soddon kala duwanaansho kuwaas oo samayn doonakaarka booqashada ee Gould's genius mustaqbalka, iyo sidoo kale ugu caansan iyo soo xigashada ugu caansan. Kaliya sanadka soo socda wuxuu la kulmay hal-abuur kale oo faneed, Leonard Bernstein, kaasoo uu kula soo muuqday Carnegie Hall ee New York isagoo wata Orchestra New York Philharmonic Orchestra ee Concerto n. 2 ee biyaano iyo orkester ee Ludwig van Beethoven. Laga bilaabo wakhtigan, xirfadda riwaayadaha ee Gould waxay ku socon doontaa xawaare buuxa, xitaa haddii pianist-ga isla markiiba uu kobciyo nacayb qoto dheer oo ku wajahan hab-nololeedkan, oo ka kooban safar joogto ah iyo habeen lagu qaato hudheelo isbeddelaya. Laakiin taasi kuma filna: nacasnimada si fiican loo yaqaan ee Gouldian ee ku wajahan hay'adda "qaabka riwaayadaha" waxay ku saleysan tahay falanqaynta taariikhiga ah ee casriga ah ee cilmiga bulshada, iyo sidoo kale tixgelinno aasaasi ah oo ku saabsan doorka tignoolajiyada nolosheena; farsamada, dhab ahaantii, hadda waxay u ogolaataa dhagaystaha in uu door firfircoon ku yeesho habka dhegeysiga, taas oo u oggolaanaysa isticmaaluhu inuu dhiso dhacdada dhawaaqa laftiisa. Marka la soo koobo, tignoolajiyadu waxay u tahay Gould macnaha aan caadiga ahayn ee aasaasida xidhiidh cusub oo firfircoon oo ka dhexeeya "fanshaxan" iyo "dadweynaha" (waa in la xuso in pianist-ku uu neceb yahay labada erey ee saamaynta kala sareynta ee ay ku jiraan).

Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaan ka heli qoraal ah: " Fikradayda, technology waa in aanay noqonloola dhaqmo sidii wax dhexdhexaad ah, sida nooc safar aan fiicneyn; awoodda ay u leedahay in ay "exfoliate", si ay u falanqeeyaan iyo in ka badan oo dhan si ay u idealize a ra'yi dhiibtay waa in laga faa'iidaysto[...] Waxaan rumaysnahay in "faragelinta" ee tignoolajiyada tan iyo, nuxur ahaan, faragelintani waxay soo rogtay a cabbir akhlaaqeed oo ku saabsan farshaxanka oo ka sarreeya fikradda farshaxanka lafteeda."

Sidaa darteed Gould wuxuu ka tagay xirfaddiisa riwaayadda isagoo da'diisu tahay soddon iyo laba jir, 1964-kii, si uu u magangalo hiddaha Kanada ee aan la cayimin. (malaha Degenaansho), iyo inuu naftiisa u huro duubista diiwaanka iyo duubista baahinta telefishinada iyo idaacadaha tiro aan caadi ahayn.

loo arko lama huraan ma aha oo kaliya in la "abuuro" laakiin sidoo kale in la noolaado.

Glenn Gould wuxuu u dhintay istaroog bishii Oktoobar 4, 1982, isaga oo ka tagay dhaxal qaali ah oo duubis iyo qoraal ah, iyo sidoo kale garaadka oo bannaan, dareen iyo daahirsanaanta aadanaha

Thomas Bernhard, oo ka mid ah qorayaasha ku hadla afka Jarmalka ee ugu wanagasan, ayaa isaga ka dhigay jilaagii "maqan" ee buuggiisa "The Unsuccessful" sanad ka dib dhimashadiisa. Gold. Muxuu Gould ka dhigan yahay sheeko-xariireedka dhab ahaantii kaamilnimo; oo waa qummanaantiisafulinta Bach's "Goldberg Variations", mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu sarreeya ee tarjumaadda waqtiga oo dhan, taas oo guud ahaan, inkastoo dib u habeyn, weli la xidhiidha.

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikh nololeedka Piero Pelù

Bibliography:

>- Jonathan Cott, Wadahadallada Glenn Gould - Daabacaadda Cusub (EDT, 2009)

- Glenn Gould - Maya, ma ihi qof caan ah. Wareysiyada iyo tafatirka Bruno Monsaingeon (EDT)

> - Glenn Gould - Garabka marawaxadaha caqliga leh, qoraallada muusiga (Adelphi)>- Glenn Gould - Warqadaha (Rosellina Archinto)>- Michael Stegemann, Glenn Gould - Life und Werk (Piper).

- Thomas Bernhard - Ku guul-darraystay (Adelphi)

Sawir-gacmeed lagu taliyay:

- Bach: Concerto Italiano, Partite, Toccate

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- Bach: L' farshaxanka fugue, Handel: Suites for harpsichord nos. 1-4

- Bach: Concertos for piano and orkestra - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 1)

- Bach: Goldberg Variations 1955 - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 1)

- Bach: Hal-abuurrada laba iyo saddex cod - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 2)

- Bach: Partitas BWV 825-830, Horudhacyo yaryar, Fugues yaryar - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 4)

- Bach: Clavier-ka si fiican u xanaaqsan, Buugga I - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 4)

2> - Bach: Clavier si fiican u xanaaqsan, Buugga II - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 4)

- Bach: English Suites, BWV 806-811 - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 6)

- Bach: French Suites, BWV 812-817, Ouverture inqaabka Faransiiska - ( Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 6)

- Bach: Toccate - ( Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 5)

- Bach: Sonatas oo loogu talagalay violin iyo harpsichord, Sonatas for viola da gamba e clav. (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 6)

Sidoo kale eeg: Nicola Gratteri, Biography, taariikhda, xirfadiisa shaqo iyo buugaag: waa ayo Nicola Gratteri

- Bach: Goldberg Variations (1981, Digital Version) I, maya. 1-3, 5-10, 12-14 - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 5)

- Beethoven: Piano Sonatas, Vol. II, nr. 15-18, 23, 30-32 - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 5)

- Beethoven: Piano Sonatas, nos. 24 iyo 29 - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 3)

- Beethoven: Saddexdii ugu dambeeyay ee Piano Sonatas

Op. 34, Bagatelle Opp. 33 iyo 126 - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 1)

- Beethoven: Concertos ee biyaano iyo orchestra, nos. 1-5 - (Glenn Gould Daabacaadda Vol. 1)

- Beethoven: Piano Concerto No. 5; Strauss: Burlesque

- Byrd, Gibbons, Sweelinck: Consort of Musicke - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 3)

>- Wagner: Qoraallada Piano, Siegfried Idyll (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 5)

- Grieg: Sonata Op. 7; Bizet: Premier Nocturne, Kala duwanaanshaha Chromatiques; Sibelius: Three Sonatinas Op. 67, 3 Lyric Pieces Op. 41 - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 1)

>- Strauss: Lieder di Ophelia Op. 67; Enoch Arden Op. 38, Piano Sonata Op. 5, 5 Qaybood oo loogu talagalaybiyaano Op. 3 - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 1)

- Berg/Krenek: Sonatas; Webern: Kala duwanaanshaha biyaano; Debussy: Rhapsody Maya. 1 ee clarinet iyo biyaano; Ravel: La Valse - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 7)

- Schönberg: Piano Pieces, Concerto for Piano and Orchestra, Fantasia, Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte, Pierrot Lunaire - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 6)

- Schönberg: Lieder - (Glenn Gould Edition Vol. 7)

Fiiro gaar ah: Dhammaan saxanadaha waxaa daabacay Sony Classical

Glenn Norton

Glenn Norton waa qoraa ruug-caddaa ah iyo wax-soo-saare qiiro leh dhammaan waxyaabaha la xiriira taariikh nololeedka, dadka caanka ah, fanka, shaleemada, dhaqaalaha, suugaanta, moodada, muusiga, siyaasadda, diinta, sayniska, isboortiga, taariikhda, telefishinka, dadka caanka ah, khuraafaadka, iyo xiddigaha . Isaga oo wata dano kala duwan iyo rabitaan aan la dhayalsan karin, Glenn waxa uu bilaabay safarkiisa qoraal si uu aqoontiisa iyo aragtidiisa ula wadaago dhegaystayaal ballaadhan.Markii uu bartay saxaafadda iyo isgaarsiinta, Glenn waxa uu yeeshay il aad u xiisaynaya faahfaahinta iyo xirfadda soo jiidashada sheekada. Habka qoraalkiisa waxa lagu yaqaanaa hab-qoris xog-warran leh, haddana soo jiidasho leh, oo si aan dedaal lahayn u soo nooleeya nolosha shakhsiyaadka saamaynta leh, isla markaana u dhex-gala gunnada mawduucyo kala duwan oo soo jiidasho leh. Maqaalladiisa si wanaagsan loo baaray, Glenn wuxuu higsanayaa inuu maaweeliyo, wax baro, oo ku dhiirrigeliyo akhristayaasha si ay u sahamiyaan cajaladaha hodanka ah ee horumarka aadanaha iyo dhacdooyinka dhaqameed.Isaga oo iskii ugu dhawaaqay shaleemada iyo xiisee suugaanta, Glenn waxa uu leeyahay karti aan la garan karin oo uu ku falanqeeyo oo uu ku qeexo saamaynta fanku ku leeyahay bulshada. Wuxuu sahamiyaa is-dhexgalka ka dhexeeya hal-abuurka, siyaasadda, iyo hab-dhaqanka bulshada, isaga oo qeexaya sida ay curiyayaashani u qaabeeyaan miyir-qabkayaga. Falanqayntiisa muhiimka ah ee filimada, buugaagta, iyo tibaaxaha faneed kale waxa ay siisaa akhristayaasha aragti cusub oo ku martiqaado inay si qoto dheer uga fikiraan adduunka fanka.Qoraalka soo jiidashada leh ee Glenn wuu ka sii dheer yahayxaqiiqooyinka dhaqanka iyo arrimaha taagan. Isaga oo xiisaynaya dhaqaalaha, Glenn waxa uu u guntadaa hawlaha gudaha ee nidaamyada maaliyadeed iyo isbeddellada dhaqan-dhaqaale. Maqaalladiisu waxay u kala qaybiyaan fikrado kakan qaybo la dheefshiido, iyaga oo awood u siinaya akhristayaasha si ay u qeexaan xoogagga qaabeeya dhaqaalaheena caalamiga ah.Iyada oo hamuun ballaadhan oo xagga aqoonta ah, qaybaha kala duwan ee Khibrada Glenn ayaa ka dhigaysa blog-giisa meel meel-joojin ah oo loogu talagalay qof kasta oo raadinaya aragtiyo si fiican u soo koobmay mawduucyo tiro badan. Haddi ay tahay sahaminta nolosha dadka caanka ah, daah-furka siraha khuraafaadka qadiimiga ah, ama kala saarida saamaynta sayniska ee nolol maalmeedkeena, Glenn Norton waa qoraagaaga, isaga oo ku hagaya muuqaalka baaxada leh ee taariikhda aadanaha, dhaqanka, iyo guusha .