Biography • Cod la rinjiyeeyay

Duke Ellington (oo magaciisa dhabta ah yahay Edward Kennedy) waxa uu ku dhashay Abriil 29, 1899 magaalada Washington. Wuxuu bilaabay inuu si xirfad leh u ciyaaro isagoo weli dhalinyaro ah, 1910-meeyadii, isaga oo ku sugan magaaladiisii ​​​​uu ahaa biyaan-yaqaan. Dhawr sano ka dib oo uu ku qaatay bandhiga naadiyada qoob-ka-cayaarka si wadajir ah Otto Hardwick iyo Sonny Greer, isaga oo u mahadcelinaya kan dambe wuxuu u guuray New York 1922, si uu ula ciyaaro kooxda Wilbur Sweatman; Sannadkii xigay, waxa uu ku hawlanaa "Orkester-ka cusub ee Snowden", oo ay ku jiraan, marka lagu daro Hardwick iyo Greer, Elmer Snowden, Roland Smith, Bubber Miley, Arthur Whetsol iyo John Anderson. Isagoo noqday hogaamiyaha kooxda 1924-kii, wuxuu heshiis la galay kooxda "Cotton Club", kooxda ugu caansan Harlem.

Wakhti yar ka dib kooxda orchestra, taas oo qaadatay magaca "Washingtonians", waxaa ku biiray Barney Bigard on clarinet, Wellman Braud on double bass, Louis Metcalf on trumpet iyo Harry Carney iyo Johnny Hodges on saxophone. Farshaxanadii ugu horreysay ee Duke waxay dib u soo noqotaa sannadahaas, inta u dhaxaysa bandhigyada been-abuurka ah ee Afrikaanka ah ("Mooche", "Madow iyo tan fantasy") iyo qaybo badan oo xiriir iyo jawiga ("Niyad Indigo"). Guushu ma dheera imaatinkeeda, sidoo kale sababtoo ah kaymaha ayaa si gaar ah caan ugu ahaa caddaanka. Kadib soo dhawayntii Juan Tizol, Rex Stewart, Cootie Williams iyo Lawrence Brown kooxda, Ellington waxa kale oo ay wacday JimmyBlanton, oo wax ka beddelay farsamada qalabkiisa, labada bass, oo kor u qaaday darajada soloist, sida biyaano ama buun.

Dhammaadka Soddonkii, Duke wuxuu aqbalay iskaashiga Billy Strayhorn, qabanqaabiyaha iyo pianist: wuxuu noqon doonaa nin lagu kalsoon yahay, xitaa muusigiisa beddelka ah, sidoo kale laga eego aragtida halabuurka. Shaqooyinka arka iftiinka u dhexeeya 1940 iyo 1943 waxaa ka mid ah "Concerto for Cootie", "Cotton Tail", "Jack the Bear" iyo "Harlem Air Shaft": kuwani waa farshaxanno aan si dhib yar loo calaamadin karin, maadaama ay si fiican u qeexeen. nidaamyada fasiraadda. Ellington laftiisa, isaga oo ka hadlaya heesihiisa, wuxuu tilmaamayaa sawir-gacmeedka muusikada, iyo awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu ku rinjiyeeyo dhawaaqyada (ma aha wax la yaab leh, ka hor inta uusan bilaabin xirfad muusig, wuxuu muujiyay xiisaha rinjiyeynta, oo doonaya inuu noqdo farshaxan xayeysiis ah).

Tan iyo 1943, muusikiiste wuxuu qabtay riwaayado "Halka Carnegie", macbad xurmo ah oo ka mid ah noocyada muusikada qadiimiga ah: sanadahaas, sidoo kale, kooxda (kaas oo ku sii jiray sanado badan) lumay qaybo ka mid ah sida Greer (kaas oo ay tahay inuu wax ka qabto dhibaatooyinka khamriga), Bigard iyo Webster. Muddo ka dib markii la xumeeyay horraantii kontonaadkii, oo u dhiganta ka bixista goobta alto saxophonist Johnny Hodges iyo trombonist Lawrence Brown, weynguushu waxay ku soo noqotaa waxqabadka 1956 ee "Festival del Jazz" ee Newport, oo leh waxqabadka, iyo waxyaabo kale, "Diminuendo in Blue". Heestan, oo ay weheliso "Jeep's Blues" iyo "Crescendo in Blue", waxay ka dhigan tahay duubista tooska ah ee albamka, oo la sii daayay xagaagii sanadkaas, "Ellington at Newport", taas bedelkeedna ay ka kooban tahay heeso kale oo badan oo lagu dhawaaqay "nool". "In kasta oo lagu duubay istuudiyaha oo lagu daray sacab been abuur ah (kaliya 1998-kii riwaayadda oo dhammaystiran ayaa la sii dayn doonaa, oo ku dhex jira cajaladda double "Ellington at Newport - Complete"), iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay daahfurka caadiga ah ee cajaladaha fiidkaas raadiyaha "Codka Ameerika".

Tan iyo 1960-meeyadii, Duke waxa uu si joogto ah ugu safrayay adduunka, isagoo ku hawlan safarro, riwaayado iyo cajalado cusub: oo ay ka mid yihiin 1958-kii suite "Stas onkod macaan", oo uu dhiirigeliyay William Shakespeare; 1966 "Suite Far East"; iyo 1970kii "New Orleans Suite". Markii hore, 31-kii Maajo, 1967, muusikiiste ka yimid Washington ayaa joojiyay safarkii uu ku hawlanaa dhimashadii Billy Strayhorn, oo uu la shaqeyn jiray oo sidoo kale noqday saaxiibkiisa dhow, sababtoo ah buro hunguriga ah: labaatan maalmood, Duke weligii kamuu bixin qolkiisa jiifka. Ka dib muddada niyad-jabka (saddex bilood wuxuu diiday inuu bixiyo riwaayado), Ellington wuxuu ku soo noqday shaqadaduubista "Oo hooyadiis ayaa u yeedhay", albamka caanka ah oo ay ku jiraan qaar ka mid ah buundooyinka ugu caansan saaxiibkii. Ka dib "Concert-ka Labaad", oo lagu duubay tarjumaadda Iswidishka Alice Babs, Ellington waa in ay la tacaasho dhacdo kale oo dilaa ah: inta lagu jiro kalfadhiga ilkaha, Johnny Hodges wuxuu u dhintay wadna xanuun May 11, 1970.

Ka dib Ku soo dhawaynta koox-kooxeedkiisa, iyo kuwo kale, Buster Cooper oo trombone ah, Rufus Jones oo durbaannada ku jira, Joe Benjamin oo laba bass ah iyo Fred Stone oo ku yaal flugelhorn, Duke Ellington sannadkii 1971kii waxa uu 1971-kii shahaado-sharafeedka Doctorate-ka ka qaatay Kulliyada Muusiga ee Berklee iyo 1973-kii Jaamacadda Columbia. Shahaado Sharafeed dhanka Muusiga ah; Waxa uu ku dhintay New York bishii Maajo 24, 1974 sababtoo ah kansarka sambabada, isaga oo garab socda wiilkiisa Mercer, iyo dhawr maalmood ka dib dhimashadii (taas oo dhacday isaga oo aan aqoon u lahayn) Paul Gonsalves, oo ah la-shaqeyntiisa kalsoonida, kaas oo u dhintay xad dhaafka heroin.

Abaalmarinta Horumarka Nolosha ee Grammy iyo Abaalmarinta Abaalmarinta Abaalmarinta ee Grammy Trustees, laxanka iyo pianist, Ellington waxaa loo magacaabay 1969 "Bilada Madaxbanaanida" iyo "Knight of Legion of Honor" afar sano ka dib. Si wadajir ah ayaa loo tixgaliyay mid ka mid ah halabuurayaashii Mareykanka ugu muhiimsanaa qarnigiisii ​​iyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan taariikhda jazz, ayuu taabtay, intii lagu jiray ultra-xirfad lixdan sano ah, xitaa noocyada kala duwan sida muusiga qadiimiga ah, injiilka iyo buluugga.