Biography

George Stephenson waa Injineer Ingiriis ah oo loo arko inuu yahay aabaha tareenka uumiga ee Great Britain. Waxa uu ku dhashay June 9, 1781 Northumberland (England), ee Wylam, 15 kiiloomitir u jirta Newcastle on Tyne, wiilka labaad ee Robert iyo Mabel. Inkastoo waalidiin aan waxna qorin waxna qorin, haddana wuu fahmay muhiimadda ay waxbarashadu leedahay, sidaa darteed markuu siddeed iyo toban jirsaday wuxuu wax ku bartay dugsi fiidnimo ah si uu u barto akhriska iyo qoraalka, una yaqaan xisaabinta.

Sannadkii 1801-dii, ka dib shaqadii ugu horreysay ee xoolo-dhaqato ah, waxa uu ka shaqo bilaabay Black Callerton Colliery, shirkadda macdanta ee uu aabbihii ka shaqeeyo, isaga oo ilaalinaya mishiinnada soo saarista macdanta iyo tunnelka; Sannadkii xigay wuxuu u guuray Willington Quay wuxuuna guursaday Frances Henderson.

Sannadkii 1803dii, isaga oo sidoo kale ka shaqaynayay hagaajinta saacadaha si uu u kordhiyo dakhliga, waxa uu noqday Robert aabihiis; Sannadkii xigay wuxuu qoyskiisa ula guuray West Moor, oo u dhow Killingworth. Ka dib dhimashadii xaaskiisa Frances ee qaaxada, George Stephenson wuxuu go'aansaday inuu shaqo ka helo Scotland; Sidaa darteed, wuxuu ka tagay wiilkiisa Robert oo leh naag maxalli ah wuxuuna aaday Montrose.

Dhawr bilood ka dib shil ka dhacay shaqada oo uu ku lug lahaa aabbihii oo indho la'aan ahaa, wuxuu u soo bandhigay inuu hagaajiyo Locomotive ee Godka Sare, kaasoo aan si habboon u shaqayn: faragelintiisu aad bay u caawinaysaakaasoo loo dalacsiiyay inuu masuul ka yahay dayactirka iyo hagaajinta mishiinnada ku jira miinooyinka dhuxusha.

Muddo yar gudaheed, waxa uu khabiir ku noqonayaa mishiinnada uumiga. Laga bilaabo 1812, waxa uu bilaabay dhismaha matoorada uumiga : todobaad kasta waxa uu guriga keeni jiray dhawr matooro si uu u kala furfuro oo uu isku dayo in uu fahmo sida ay u shaqeeyaan. Laba sano ka dib waxa uu naqshadeeyay jid-gooyooyinkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay : lagu naaneeso Blucher, waxa lagu gartaa mishiin iskii u shaqeysta oo awood u leh in uu jiido soddon tan oo walxo leh hal rar.

Sida muuqata loogu talagalay gaadiidkii dhuxusha miinada, waxay ahayd qaab-dhismeedka ugu horreeya ee loo yaqaan 'giraangiraha loo yaqaan' giraangiraha la ordayo, oo u adeegaya in giraangiraha aysan lumin taabashada xaga biraha: laga bilaabo xidhiidhka laftiisa, dhinaca kale, waxay ku xiran tahay jiidashada. Blucher waxay u taagan tahay tusaalaha ugu horreeya ee tignoolajiyadan: sidoo kale sababtan awgeed George Stephenson waxaa loo tixgelin doonaa aabaha tareenada uumiga ee Ingiriiska.

Ma aha oo kaliya jidadka tareenada, si kastaba ha ahaatee: 1815, tusaale ahaan, wuxuu sameeyay mashruuc loogu talagalay nalka badbaadada ee macdanta, waxa loogu yeero Georgie Lamp . Sannadihii xigay waxa uu dhisay lix iyo toban tareen oo kale: cabbirka tareenada ee la isticmaalay, oo lagu cabbiray 1435 millimitir, ayaa hadhow u matali doonta halbeegga tareennada adduunka oo badan.

Sidoo kale eeg: James McAvoy, Biography

Sida ay sannaduhu sii socdaan, waxaa koraysa sumcadda Stephenson, alWaxa uu tilmaamay in loogu yeedhay in uu naqshadeeyo khad tareen oo saddex iyo toban kilomitir ah, kaas oo maraxadu uu yahay awoodda wadista oo keliya kor ama qaybo fidsan, halka inertia laga faa'iidaysto qaybaha hoose. 1820-kii, oo hadda si fiican loo qabtay, wuxuu guursaday Betty Hindmarsh ee Newburn (guurka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waligiis ma dhalin doono).

Horraantii 1820-meeyadii, agaasimaha shirkadda nakhshadaysay jidka tareenka ee u dhexeeya Darlington iyo Stockton ayaa la kulmay >George Stephenson > Isticmaalka fardaha si loo jiido gawaarida dhuxusha: 1822-kii, sidaas darteed, shaqadu waxay bilaabatay, 1825-kii George wuxuu dhamaystiray gawaarida ugu horeysay (oo markii hore loo yaqaan 'Active', waxaa loo beddelay Locomotion ), kaas oo ku yaal Maalintii la caleema saaray - Sebtembar 27, 1825 - waxay ku socotay shan iyo toban kiiloomitir xawaare dhan soddon iyo sagaal kiiloomitir saacaddii isagoo wata siddeetan tan oo bur iyo dhuxul ah, iyo Stephenson laftiisa oo giraangiraha ku jira.

Inta lagu jiro shaqada mashruucan, injineerka ka socda Wylam wuxuu xusay sida xawaaraha matoorada uu u dhimay xitaa wax yar oo fuul ah: halkaas ayuu ka soo saaray baahida loo qabo in lagu dhiso ferratas meelaha sida siman sida suurto gal. Isagoo ku salaynaya xukunkaas, wuxuu dejiyay qorshayaasha jidka tareenka ee u dhexeeya Leigh iyoBolton iyo jidka tareenka ee u dhexeeya Liverpool iyo Manchester, oo loogu talagalay in lagu dhejiyo dhagxaan ama godad dhexda.

Wadda tareenada u dhaxaysa Liverpool iyo Manchester, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si fiican uma soo dhawayn baarlamaanka, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay cadaawadda ay qabaan qaar ka mid ah milkiilayaasha dhulka, sidaa darteed waa in dib loo habeeyaa: dariiqa cusub ee uu naqshadeeyay Stephenson ayaa sidoo kale ka gudbaya Chat peat bog Moss , haddana dareen kale oo ku faraxsan injineerkii Ingiriiska.

2> 1829-kii, ka dib, George wuxuu ka qaybqaatay qandaraaska si uu u go'aamiyo cidda lagu aaminayo dhismaha gawaarida ee shirkadda tareenada: mashiinkiisa Rocket >, oo loo qaabeeyey wiilkiisa Robert, wuxuu kiciyaa qof kasta xamaasadiisa. Khadka ayaa la furay 15kii Sebtembar 1830 iyada oo si weyn loo dabaaldegay, oo qayb ka mid ah ay ku xumaatay imaatinka wararka shilkii ugu horreeyay ee tareen taariikhda.

Tani kama hor istaagin Stephenson inuu arko caannimadiisa oo sii kordheysa, ilaa heer ay shaqooyin badan oo shaqo ah ka yimaaddeen khadad kala duwan. Horraantii 1940-aadkii waxa uu la tacaalayay balaadhinta khadka tareenka ee North Midland, isaga oo kaashanaya maalqabeenkii George Hudson; ka dib, 1847, waxaa loo doortay madaxweynaha cusub ee Machadka Injineerada Makaanikada. Dhanka kale, Betty waxa uu dhintay 1845, waxa uu guursaday markii saddexaad 11 January 1848 ee St. John's Church ee Shrewsbury, Shropshire, iyo Ellen.Gregory, oo ah gabadha beeraleyda Derbyshire oo ahayd addoontiisii.

Waxa uu u huray dhulkiisa macdan qodista ee Derbyshire (maalgelinta lacag aad u badan miinada dhuxusha ee la helay intii lagu jiray dhismaha tunnelka North Midland Railway), George Stephenson Chesterfield bishii Agoosto 12, 1848 da'da lixdan iyo toddobada sababtoo ah cawaaqibka pleurisy: jidhkiisa waxaa lagu aasay kaniisadda Quduuska ah ee Trinity ee maxalliga ah, oo ku xigta xaaskiisa labaad.

Sidoo kale eeg: John Nash Biography